1 Install
2 ESP32
- 2.1 Webserver
3 ThingsBoard
4 GRBL drive step motor using g codes
- 4.1 UGS
5 CNC foam cutter
6 Solar food dehydrator
7 Air quality monitor
8 RF
9 Motor change direction

Install

To install I download source tar.gz and run ./install.sh or download binaries. https://github.com/arduino/arduino-ide/releases

You should add user to dialout group (or try to install from ubuntu software and installation will add your user to the group automatically, you just have to log out)

Arduino Makefile

I use Arduino Makefile to compile and flash to arduino https://github.com/sudar/Arduino-Makefile

# ubuntu
sudo apt-get install arduino-mk

# mac
brew tap sudar/arduino-mk
brew install arduino-mk
pip install pyserial

If your system is python3 than switch to python 2 with pyenv PR https://github.com/sudar/Arduino-Makefile/pull/640 but can not find python in Arduino.mk so you can switch back to python 2

eval "$(pyenv init -)"
pyenv shell 2.7.18

or to update the file

# vi $ARDMK_DIR/bin/ard-reset-arduino
#!/usr/bin/env python3

arduino-mk gives some mk files like Arduino.mk and you can find installation folder with

brew --prefix arduino-mk
export ARDMK_DIR=`brew --prefix arduino-mk`
export ARDUINO_DIR=/Applications/Arduino.app/Contents/Java
export AVR_TOOLS_DIR=$ARDUINO_DIR/hardware/tools/avr

or put in bachrc ` ~/config/bashrc/arduino.sh`

So for your project you have to define

# Makefile
BOARD_TAG    = uno
ARDUINO_PORT = /dev/ttyACM0
include $(ARDMK_DIR)/Arduino.mk

In vim you can run

make
make upload
make monitor # serial monitor using screen, press any key to send to serial
# you can exit with Ctrl+C or Ctrl+A + K (and y)
make show_boards
make show_submenu

In case you have an error avrdude: can't open config file "/usr/../avrdude.conf": No such file or directory than define in makefile AVRDUDE_CONF = /etc/avrdude.conf

In case of error grep: /usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino//boards.txt: No such file or directory than you need to export ARDUINO_DIR

Ignore build files

#.gitignore
build-uno/

Include libraries https://github.com/sudar/Arduino-Makefile#including-libraries

Makefile for ESP8266 ESP32

https://github.com/plerup/makeEspArduino

git clone https://github.com/plerup/makeEspArduino.git
cd makeEspArduino

export ARDUINO_ROOT=~/Library/Arduino15

make -f makeEspArduino.mk DEMO=1 flash
make -f makeEspArduino.mk DEMO=1 clean

To debug Makefile you can echo variable value:

$(error   SKETCH is $(SKETCH))

I stuck with error

/Users/dule/Documents/Arduino/libraries/ArduinoIoTCloud/src/cbor/lib/tinycbor/src/cborparser.c:878:39: error: 'INT_MIN' undeclared (first use in this function)
  878 |         if (unlikely(v > (unsigned) -(INT_MIN + 1)))
      |                                       ^~~~~~~
/Users/dule/Documents/Arduino/libraries/ArduinoIoTCloud/src/cbor/lib/tinycbor/src/compilersupport_p.h:180:45: note: in definition of macro 'unlikely'
  180 | #  define unlikely(x)   __builtin_expect(!!(x), 0)
      |                                             ^
/Users/dule/Documents/Arduino/libraries/ArduinoIoTCloud/src/cbor/lib/tinycbor/src/cborparser.c:37:1: note: 'INT_MIN' is defined in header '<limits.h>'; did you forget to '#include <limits.h>'?
   36 | #include "cborinternal_p.h"
  +++ |+#include <limits.h>

so I end up using Arduino command line interface https://arduino.github.io/arduino-cli/0.24/getting-started/

# generate completion
arduino-cli completion bash > ~/config/bashrc/arduino-cli.sh

# list installed boards
arduino-cli core list

# list ports
arduino-cli board list
# list board name and fqbn
arduino-cli board listall esp8266 | grep generic
Generic ESP8266 Module          esp8266:esp8266:generic

# compile
arduino-cli compile --fqbn  esp8266:esp8266:generic

# upload
arduino-cli upload --fqbn  esp8266:esp8266:generic -p /dev/cu.usbserial-13320

# serial monitor
arduino-cli monitor -p /dev/cu.usbserial-13320

Arduino tips

millis() is unsigned long, it will go overflow (ie return to zero) after 50 days https://www.arduino.cc/reference/en/language/functions/time/millis/ Note that you should not use substraction since you might have what you do not expect

unsigned long current = millis();

Low cost tx rx

VirtualWire works fine on ATMEGA Follow installation http://www.airspayce.com/mikem/arduino/VirtualWire/ and download zip and extract to sketchbook/libraries in my case is /home/orlovic/Arduino/libraries. Than you can find examples of it: File -> Examples -> VirtualWire -> transmitter Pin 12 is for sending, Pin 11 for receiving.

But since it is not updated I used Manchester http://mchr3k.github.io/arduino-libs-manchester/

ESP32

Add https://raw.githubusercontent.com/espressif/arduino-esp32/gh-pages/package_esp32_index.json to Preferences -> Additional Board Manager URLs After installing new Tools -> Boards Manager -> esp32, you can select Tools -> Board -> ESP32 Arduino -> DOIT ESP32 DEVKIT V1 and upload Blink example. Port is /dev/cu.usbserial-0001

For ESP8266 based on https://arduino-esp8266.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installing.html you need to add https://arduino.esp8266.com/stable/package_esp8266com_index.json to Additional boards manager urls, and install by Tools -> Boards Manager -> search for esp8266. After that you can select Tools -> Board -> ESP8266 Note that port name is: /dev/cu.usbserial-13310

My model is NodeMCU 1.0 ESP-12E (older is 0.9 ESP-12)

Pinouts https://lastminuteengineers.com/esp8266-pinout-reference/

Webserver

https://randomnerdtutorials.com/esp32-websocket-server-arduino/ https://randomnerdtutorials.com/esp32-relay-module-ac-web-server/

ThingsBoard

Start with: https://thingsboard.io/docs/paas/getting-started-guides/helloworld/ Connect to esp8266 https://thingsboard.io/docs/samples/esp8266/gpio/

Use server thingsboard.cloud instead of demo.thingsboard.io

Selfhosting

https://thingsboard.io/docs/user-guide/install/ubuntu/

Arduino cloud

Install iot cloud libraries https://docs.arduino.cc/software/ide-v1/tutorials/installing-libraries by menu Sketch > Include library > Manage libraries > Bridge (by Arduino)

also if you have ArduinoIoTCloud.h: No such file or directory search for ArduinoIoTCloud library and install it.

https://cloud.arduino.cc/home/ Create device https://create.arduino.cc/iot/devices select esp8266 or ESP32 or LoRaWan use Genereic model and save DEVICE_ID and SECRET_KEY

For device you can create thinks like bulbs, relays and add variables to that thing.

Use firefox to connect to arduino agent.

Use dashboard to control variables.

You can download skecth and open in Arudino IDE but you need to set up

# arudino_secrets.h
#define SECRET_SSID "trk inovacije"
#define SECRET_OPTIONAL_PASS "asd"
#define SECRET_DEVICE_KEY "asd"

You should see thing based on secret key in serial log

Connection to "trk inovacije" failed
Retrying in  "500" milliseconds
Connected to "trk inovacije"
Connected to Arduino IoT Cloud
Thing ID: f24d631d-c36d-4a88-bede-05e21d3a23a8
onRelayDownChange relay_down=1

the source is /Users/dule/Documents/Arduino/Relays_nov05a

To connect to alexa we will follow next tutorial

Alexa

Follow https://iotcircuithub.com/arduino-iot-cloud-esp8266-alexa-home-automation/ but my echo can not find those switches on esp8266 Documentation says alexa should find switches https://iotcircuithub.com/alexa-arduino-iot-cloud-smart-home-skill/ but I could not. Also I did not find any specific code or library for alexa, only for Arduino IOT.

Another solution is to use https://github.com/vintlabs/fauxmoESP and follow https://randomnerdtutorials.com/alexa-echo-with-esp32-and-esp8266/

Use Sketch -> Include library -> Manage libraries -> search fauxmo or install libraries manually.

cd ~/Documents/Arduino/libraries
git clone [email protected]:me-no-dev/ESPAsyncWebServer.git
# for ESP32
git clone [email protected]:me-no-dev/AsyncTCP.git
# for ESP8266
git clone [email protected]:me-no-dev/ESPAsyncTCP.git

when I try example fauxmoESP_Basic my echo can not discover new devices. I tried both ESP32 and ESP8266.

Another solution is to use https://github.com/Aircoookie/Espalexa Example Examples -> Espalexa -> EspalexaBasic and echo recognizes those 3 lights Note that once you recognize the light, you need to remove them so next time you can recognize again. I tried with ESP32 and it sometimes has a problem connecting to Wifi. When I use mobile Wifi than it conects faster and more often. Also not responding https://github.com/Aircoookie/Espalexa/issues/44 ESP8266 connects to both mobile wifi and cable wifi without problems.

You should start alexa on connect successfully. To listen on connection events add callbacks:

bool alexaDeviceAdded = false;
void setup() {
  ArduinoIoTPreferredConnection.addCallback(NetworkConnectionEvent::CONNECTED, onNetworkConnect);
  ArduinoIoTPreferredConnection.addCallback(NetworkConnectionEvent::DISCONNECTED, onNetworkDisconnect);
  ArduinoIoTPreferredConnection.addCallback(NetworkConnectionEvent::ERROR, onNetworkError);
}

// https://github.com/arduino-libraries/Arduino_ConnectionHandler
void onNetworkConnect() {
  digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, ON_ACTIVE_LOW);
  Serial.print(">>>> CONNECTED to network. ");
  if (!alexaDeviceAdded) {
    Serial.println("espalexa.addDevice Light 1");
    espalexa.addDevice("Light 1", firstLightChanged);
    espalexa.begin();
  } else {
    Serial.println("Keep using old device");
  }
}

void onNetworkDisconnect() {
  digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, OFF_ACTIVE_LOW);

  Serial.println(">>>> DISCONNECTED from network");
}

void onNetworkError() {
  digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, OFF_ACTIVE_LOW);

  Serial.println(">>>> ERROR");
}

“Alexa, help me to get started with Light 1” “Alexa, turn on Light 1” “Alexa, turn off Light 1” “Alexa, dim Light 1” # decrease by 50 from 255 “Alexa, increase light 1 by 100%” # increases by 100 “Alexa, brighten the Ligth 1” # increases by ~50

GRBL drive step motor using g codes

To install grbl download and extract https://github.com/gnea/grbl/releases and inside Arduino Sketch -> Include library -> Add zip library navigate to grbl folder. This will create ~/Arduino/libraries/grbl Then upload firmware example: Open File -> Examples -> grbl -> grblUpload

UGS

To install UGS universal g code sender, go to https://winder.github.io/ugs_website/download/ and download to programs and link to bin

ln -s /home/orlovic/Programs/ugsplatform-linux/bin/ugsplatform ~/Programs/bin/
ugsplatform

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cWKO8j_tv7A&t=195s Set Machine -> Firmware settings -> $20 $21 $22 to 0 Soft hard limits and homing cycle In console

$$
$20=0

a4988 Driver https://mehatron.rs/arduino-a4988-drajver-step-motora-sa-hladnjakom arduino modul v3 for a4988 drivers https://mehatron.rs/arduino-drajver-cnc-shield-v3-za-a4988 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMK_fLgpESQ

200 steps x 16 resolution = 3200 steps for one round (360 degres) steps per milimeter is 83 400 steps for Z axis, ie 1mm is 45 degres.

CNC foam cutter

https://howtomechatronics.com/projects/arduino-cnc-foam-cutting-machine/ To prepare image you can use https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ie5SqPaIaBw : Similar is https://www.foxalien.com/en-gb/products/foxalien-cnc-machine-hot-wire-cutter-hw40 and preparing is https://youtu.be/iSNEocVpkKU?t=225

gimp : clear background and use right click -> Colors -> Levels and move to right input level Inscape:
for 3D letters nice font name is “Luminari”
path difference is first created - second created, to make reverse click on first created and than “Move to top”
to cut a path you should duplicate the object (knife) (since it will be removed) and select the object you want to cut and click Path > Cat Path, deselect everything and move the cutted object
node on path can be a cornera (independent) or smooth (curve direction handles is on same line, there is also a simetric node) or a line (without curve handles) or a simple line (in this case it is not a curve)
to increase object by path you should Path > Stroke to path, Object > Ungroup, Path > Union https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sy0nUkUt9CA&t=152s 1mm is enough to stick, you need again to break all circles

Solar food dehydrator

https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=solar+food+dehydrator

Air quality monitor

https://github.com/carldunham/air-quality-monitor/tree/cd/initial-implementation

RF

NRF24L01 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rY8S9I2-zqs

Library: https://github.com/nRF24/RF24 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oIobOWXOJJg

Motor change direction

Use two relays and two tasters to move engine forward and backward